Tryptophan
Tryptophan is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. - a compound that occurs in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets and acts as a neurotransmitter, as well as inducing vasoconstriction and contraction of smooth muscle. Serotonin is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine. It is believed to play an important role in mood. Some antidepressants prevent the nerves from taking in serotonin and therefore increase the amount of serotonin in the brain.
Tryptophan has been used in the treatment of depression, especially dpression associated with insomnia. Tryptophan can cause sleepiness, and this may be present the day after. Tryptophan is a precursor of the pineal hormone melatonin, which is associated with sleep.
Tryptophan appears to reduce the pain of arthritis. Both pregnant people and those with jaundice have high levels of tryptophan in the blood and both groups experience a relief from arthritis.
Oestrogen contraceptives interfere with the conversion of tryptophan into serotonin. This may be due to the effects of the pill on B6.
Tryptophan is converted in the body to niacin (vitamin B3) and picolinic acid. Giving high doses of vitamin B6 along with tryptophan increases its conversion to niacin and decreases its uptake into the nervous system.
When used as a supplement, tryptophan should be taken with some carbohydrate, such as fruit juice, because the insulin secreted in response to the carbohydrate helps the absorption of tryptophan. It should not be taken with other amino acids, as these interfere with its absorption. It should be taken between meals.
Maize is limited in terms of tryptophan.